Success Factors for the Foundation of Municipal Utilities in Germany

More than 150 municipal utilities (so-called Stadtwerke) were established in Germany from the beginning of millennium, bringing total number Stadtwerke currently within country to approximately 900. With responsibility for more half supply electricity, gas and heat Germany, these play a central role transformation energy sector, or Energiewende. In addition, due their local regional ties, have particular politics, economy across society. This article focuses on motives behind, grounds for, current wave newly Stadtwerke. Further, it discusses factors that critical successful formation new recent years. The results our survey indicate establishment is suitable measure implement transition at level, whereby concept public value has high level importance decision-makers. Collaboration cooperation, as well resilience-oriented strategy, are important success